Which of the following medications is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance?

Alprazolam is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance due to its medical use and potential for abuse. Schedule IV substances are characterized by a low potential for abuse relative to substances in higher schedules. Alprazolam, which is commonly prescribed for anxiety and panic disorders, can lead to physical or psychological dependence, but the risk is lower compared to Schedule I, II, or III substances.

In contrast, other options in the question are classified differently based on their potential for abuse and accepted medical uses. Codeine, while it can be found in lower doses in certain formulations, is typically classified as a Schedule II substance when dispensed in higher doses. Oxycodone and hydrocodone are also higher scheduling drugs, considered Schedule II substances, reflecting their significant potential for abuse and addictive properties.

Alprazolam's unique profile allows for its classification in Schedule IV, highlighting the regulated yet permissible use in the medical community while still acknowledging its risks.